\[A_v = -\frac{R_f}{R_1}\;\text{(反相)} \qquad A_v = 1 + \frac{R_f}{R_1}\;\text{(同相)} \qquad A_v = 1\;\text{(跟随器)}\]
\[V_+ \approx V_- \quad\text{(虚短)} \qquad I_+ = I_- \approx 0 \quad\text{(虚断)}\]
\[|V_{out}|\le V_{CC}\quad\text{(本页采用理想电源轨限幅)}\]
理想运放不计带宽和压摆率；频率滑块只改变波形显示周期。